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Wear and tear of the ankle,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
A senior Japanese golfer recently visited me with swollen and painful left ankle,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], one day after a long round of golf.
He got round to telling me that as a child he underwent intensive gymnastics training and suffered from many ankle injuries,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
The swollen ankle joint,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which may or may not, be painful is a common occurrence in ankle arthritis in senior golfers. Arthritis means inflammation (pain and swelling) of a joint. And ankle swelling is caused by excess fluid that accumulates in or around the ankle joint.
Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease),[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], also called "wear and tear" arthritis, is the most common cause of ankle swelling.
Causes of swollen and painful ankle include:
Injury to ligament, tendon and bone Overuse Wear and tear as in osteoarthritis Gout Infection Rheumatological conditions
Articular cartilage or soft bone is the smooth coating that covers the surface of the bones inside the joint,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The cartilage provides protection and cushioning to the bone during movement. It also helps lubricate the joint surfaces,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
In osteoarthritis,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the cartilage becomes thin with repeated stress and use over time. The cartilage will eventually become completely "worn away" and the bones begin to rub together,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which causes pain and swelling to the joint.
Ankle injuries are not isolated to golf.
Osteoarthritis affects the weight bearing joints like the hip, knee and ankle. Past history of intensive sports training,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], high impact sports and injury increase the wear and tear to the cartilage.
Hence,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], there is an increased risk of developing early osteoarthritis of the ankle joint.
Signs and symptoms:
Pain during or after a round of golf Pain usually subsides with rest Swelling around ankle joint Stiffness and tightness Warm or hot joint Difficulty walking Grinding and cracking sound in the joint
Osteoarthritis usually develops slowly, taking years to show symptoms and may not be visible on X-rays in the early stage. In the initial stage of osteoarthritis,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], complaints may include an ache or a twinge of discomfort in the joint with activities (such as golf) or with weather changes.
In its late stages,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], osteoarthritis of the ankle can render an otherwise healthy person unable to perform common adult daily activities such as walking, housework and playing golf.
Risk factors for developing ankle osteoarthritis are: Over weight Genetic predisposition Past ankle injury Tight and stiff ankle joint Weak ankle muscles Abnormal foot type (flat foot) Excessive sports activities Poor footwear and golf shoes
Self help tips:
Short rest
Reduced frequency of golf game temporarily Ankle brace Ice Topical medication Stretching exercise Minimise walking and standing Use a cane or walking stick Prevention tips:
Reduce weight Warm-up and cool down before an after a round of golf Stretching and strengthening ankle exercises Good supporting golf shoes Use golf cart rather then walking Avoid playing in wet weather where the chance of slipping are increased Minimise walking on slope and steps Foot orthotics
The pain and swelling associated with the ankle osteoarthritis can severely limit the functioning of the joint if left untreated,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The ankle joint will become stiffer and the muscles become weaker,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Seek medical treatment early before it affects your golf.
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