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Grow and let grow,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
Three kilometres from Hoshangabad,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Madhya Pradesh, on the road to Bhopal, is situated the Titus Farm that proudly flaunts its fertile expanse of 12 acres and a unique farming method that can potentially help overcome the worrying suicidal trend among farmers of the State, and perhaps of the country. The sole but strong characteristic of the farm that differentiates it from the rest is the use of natural methods to grow and to let grow.
For the last 25 years, a unique experiment of natural farming is being practised here by a local farmer, Raju Titus,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], who abandoned traditional plough-based and chemical methods of farming in his farms. He favours farming without tillage,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], known as farming. By doing so,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Raju attracted the attention of people who comes from across the country to see his experiments with natural farming.
The unfortunate incident of farmer suicides that had jolted the nation in recent years has not yet come to a halt,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], even though it has lost visibility in the media. In November last year, three farmers committed suicide in Hoshangabad. Perturbed by the suicides,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Raju feels that days of chemical farming are over. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and unnecessary tillage of the land leaves soil susceptible to erosion and leads to agricultural runoff.
Irrigation by water from the Tawa dam had raised hope initially,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but now, the dream has been transformed into a nightmare. This year, the soybean crop in Hoshangabad was completely destroyed producing only two quintal of soybean per acre. In such situations, alternative farming is what one needs to think of. Farmers disappointed with the methods of cultivating crops are attracted towards this promising idea of natural farming.
Equal contribution in his experiments comes from his wife who,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], along with a young worker,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], is painstakingly levelling weeds on the farm with a crimper roller. One part of the farm, where wheat has already been sown, is covered with green ground cover of paddy straw along with gajar ghass (carrot grass). Once the sunlight reaches the seeds,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], filtered by the green ground cover,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the young wheat saplings will grow out,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], celebrating life.
Proud of his experiments, Raju shares, the fields with weeds and grass gives birth to microbes, earthworms and insects which bore holes in the soil and make it softer and porous. It collectively increases the fertility of the soil,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], resulting in a good harvest. He disapproves of chemical farming for several reasons. In chemical farming,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], water that is filled in the paddy field doesn't go deep inside the soil while in natural farming water penetrates deep,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], increasing the level of water. Under the green cover reside many insects which can easily foil attacks from insects harmful for the crop.
According to him,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], tilling the field, which entails weed removal,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], contours the soil into rows to plant and dig channels for irrigation leading to adverse effects like loss of organic matter,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], death of soil microbes and soil erosion where topsoil is washed away. Every year,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], rainwater washes away some fertile soil leaving behind parched fields. The result: debt traps, since farmers are forced to fall back on the desperate measure of relying on chemical fertilisers.
Natural farming increases the fertility of the soil, whereas in chemical farming,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], it is on a constant decline, till there comes a point when the soil is rendered completely infertile. The organic fertilizer,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the carbon,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], formed inside the soil is lost in the air after tillage as the soil's organic matter is broken down more rapidly. This increases the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere, thus contributing to global warming. A no-tillage technique gives hope for a solution to a worrying global problem.
Raju owns 13.5 acres, of which 12 acres are used for farming. On 11 of these 12 acres,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], there is a dense forest of subbool (Australian Agesia) which is a type of fodder for the animals and a good source of wood. Only one acre is used for agricultural purposes.
His farming is dictated by his requirement, not by what the market requires. He explains, acre of land is sufficient for our need. We get food grains,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], fruits,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], milk and vegetables from it,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which is sufficient for the need of our family. We sow wheat in winter,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], corn and green gram in summer and paddy in rainy season. This natural agricultural practice is also believed to be popular in the United States of America.
Typically considered to be the enemy of the crops,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], weeds are the backbone of natural farming. Raju has developed a friendly relationship with the weeds as they create the green zones in the field. When asked if these plants harm the crops,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Raju replies,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], at all,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], adding, roots of these plants and trees run deep,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], thus strengthening the soil. It is natural to assume that no-till farming is tough. People usually tend to disbelieve the methods adopted as part of natural farming. But seeing Raju's farm,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], those sceptics come away convinced.
I really enjoyed reading your article,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "Grow and let Grow". Your research into a better method of farming without chemicals is commendable. Sadly most large farms and many small farms are dependent upon chemicals. It was also encouraging to hear by the many benefits of weeds. A great point you make is that one acre of land is sufficient for your family needs of food grains, milk and vegetables. Feeding grains to animals we eat is one of the most inefficient systems in agriculture.
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