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A Puma at large
逃遁的美洲狮
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音,[url=http://discountfreeshippingshoes.com/sunglasses-2014-c-167.html]SUNGLASSES 2014[/url]，然后回答以下问题。
Where must the puma have come from?
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of "cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
puma
n. 美洲狮
spot
v. 看出，发现
evidence
n. 证据
accumulate
v. 积累，积聚
oblige
v. 使……感到必须
hunt
n. 追猎；寻找
blackberry
n. 黑莓
human being
人类
corner
v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境
trail
n. 一串，一系列
print
n. 印痕
cling
v. 粘
convince
v. 使……信服
somehow
adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因
disturb
v. 令人不安
参考译文
美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。
搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时的看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮非被逼得走投无路，是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿及死兔子之类的小动物，在许多地方看见爪印，灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢？由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏豢养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。
　　自学导读
　　puma(title)/'pju:m+/n. 美洲狮
　　corner(1. 9)/'k&:n+/v. 使走投无路，使陷入困境
　　spot(1. 2)/sp&t/v. 看出，发现
　　trail(1. 11)/'treil/n. 一串，一系列
　　evidence(1. 4)/'evid+ns/n．证据
　　print(1. 12)/print/n. 印痕
　　accumulate(1. 4)/e'kju:mjuleit/v. 积累，积聚
　　cling(1. 12)/kliR/(clung/kl)R/, clung)v. 粘
　　oblige(1. 5)/+'blaid{/v. 使……感到必须
　　convince(1. 14)/k+n'vins/v. 使……信服
　　hunt(1. 7)/h)nt/n. 追猎；寻找
　　somehow(1. 16)/'s)mha(/adv. 不知怎么搞地，不
　　blackberry(1. 8)/'bl$kb+ri/n. 黑莓知什么原因
　　human being(1. 9)/?hju:m+n-'bi:iR/人类
　　disturb(1. 17)/di'st*:b/v,[url=http://discountvalentinoshoes.co.uk/beats-by-dr-dre_categories69/]Beats by Dr Dre[/url]. 令人不安
　　Notes on the text
　　课文注释
　　1 at large是介词短语，此处表示“逍遥自在”、“行动自由”的意思。
　　2 When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, 当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里的地方发现一头野生美洲狮时。这个从句中以that引导的从句是reports的同位语，用于进一步说明报告的内容。
　　3 feel obliged to do sth. 是“感到不得不做某事”的意思。
　　4 it left behind it a trail of, 它身后留下一串……。
　　a trail of作left的宾语，behind it是状语，提到宾语之前是为了使句子结构更紧凑。
　　5 puma fur was found clinging to bushes中，clinging是现在分词，此处作主语puma fur的主语补足语,[url=http://giuseppezanottimens.co/converse-shoes-jack-purcell_categories154_161/]Jack Purcell[/url]。下文中As no pumas had been reported missing…一句中，missing也是现在分词作主语补足语。
　　6 in the possession of, 为……所有。
　　Summary writing 摘要写作
　　In not more than 80 words describe how experts came to the conclusion that the animal seen by many people really was a puma. Do not include anything that is not in the passage.
　　Answer these questions in note form to get your points:
　　1 What sort of reports were received by London Zoo?
　　2 Were the reports similar in nature or not?
　　3 Who saw it first?
　　4 Did it stay in one place,or did it move from place to place?
　　5 What did it leave behind it?
　　6 Were paw prints and puma fur found as well or not?
　　7 What was heard at night?
　　8 Was the animal seen up a tree or not?
　　9 Were experts now sure that the animal really was a puma or not?
　　Exercises练习
　　A Complete these sentences by adding a suitable word to the end of each one:
　　1 What are you looking ______ ?
　　2 Where is your mother going ______ ?
　　3 Whom has the letter been sent ______ ?
　　4 This is the house I was born ______ .
　　5 What does your decision depend ______ ?
　　B Write these sentences again changing the position of the words in italics. Where possible, omit the words whom or which.
　　1 He is the man about whom we have heard so much.
　　2 The shelf on which you put those books has collapsed.
　　3 From whom did you receive a letter?
　　4 This is the road by which we came.
　　5 Where is the pencil with which you were playing?
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择题
　　Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
　　Comprehension 理解
　　1 Experts eventually decided to investigate ______ .
　　a．because they did not believe that pumas existed in England
　　b．because they wanted a puma for the London Zoo
　　c．when a woman saw a puma in a small village
　　d．because people's descriptions of the puma had a lot in common
　　2 What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in the village?
　　a．The puma had not attacked the woman.
　　b．The woman had described the animal she had seen as‘a large cat’.
　　c．A puma had come very close to a human being.
　　d．The puma had behaved like a cat.
　　3 What was the problem the experts were unable to solve?
　　a．How the puma had managed to cover such great distances within a day.
　　b．How the puma had escaped from a zoo.
　　c．Whom the puma had belonged to.
　　d．How the numa had climbed a tree.
　　Structure结构
　　4 The accumulating evidence made the experts ______ the animal was a puma. (lines 4-6)
　　a．to think
　　b．thinking
　　c．think
　　d．thought
　　5 People said ______ the puma. (lines 5-6)
　　a．to have seen
　　b．to see
　　c．they saw
　　d．they had seen
　　6 ______ , it immediately ran away. (lines 8-9)
　　a．Observing her
　　b．On being observed
　　c．Having been observed
　　d．On her being observed
　　7 Pumas never attack a human being except ______ cornered. (line 9)
　　a．they are
　　b．being
　　c．that they are
　　d．when they are
　　8 The experts were now fully convinced that the animal ______ a puma. (lines 13-14)
　　a．must be
　　b．should have been
　　c．can only be
　　d．could only have beenVocabulary词汇
　　9 The woman saw‘a large cat’ ______ five yards away from her. (lines 7-8)
　　a．at least
　　b．four or
　　c．no more than
　　d．within
　　10 A puma will not attack a human being unless it feels itself to be ______ . (line 9)
　　a．in a corner
　　b．in a trap
　　c．at an angle
　　d．under cover
　　11 A business man on a fishing trip is probably someone who ______ . (line 13)
　　a．sells fish
　　b．fishes for pleasure
　　c．nets fish
　　d．earns his living as a fisherman
　　12 A private collector is a man who collects ______ . (lines 15-16)
　　a．for his own benefit
　　b．on his own
　　c．in private
　　d．unknown to the public
　　【New words and expressions】生词和短语
　　学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
　　学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
　　★puma
　　n. 美洲狮
　　★spot
　　v. 看出，发现
　　pick out,see,recognise,catch,sight of
　　spot=see : 强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现
　　find : 强调发现的结果
　　find out：查出事实真相
　　discover：做出重大发现
　　notice：注意到
　　observe：观察
　　watch：观察活动中的人或画面
　　A tall man is easy jto spot in the crowd.
　　He has good eye for spotting mistakes.
　　n. 斑点
　　There is a white spot on the shirt.
　　on the spot
　　1.立刻，马上（at once ,immediately)
　　Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on the spot.
　　2.at the place of the action 在现场
　　Wherever she is needed,she is quickly on the spot.
　　★evidence
　　n. 证据
　　不可数名词
　　When the police arrived,he had already destroied the evidence.
　　evidence=proof
　　in evidence: 显而易见的
　　He was in evidence at the party.
　　evidently ，evidently
　　★accumulate
　　v. 积累，积聚
　　强调积累的过程
　　As the evidence accumulates,experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate.
　　gather vt. 聚集，把某人召集在某处
　　collect 搜集，采集
　　assemble 集合，集会，vt.装配
　　hoard vt. 大量的储存
　　hoard up＝store up
　　amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）
　　The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter
　　★oblige
　　v. 使……感到必须
　　feel obliged to do sth 感觉有必要做某事
　　be obliged to do sth. 被迫做某事
　　★hunt
　　n. 追猎；寻找
　　run after 强调追赶、追求
　　seek/pursue 追寻
　　chase 追赶
　　hunt for
　　search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物
　　★blackberry
　　n. 黑莓
　　★human being
　　人类
　　★corner
　　v,[url=http://giuseppezanottimens.co/christian-louboutin-flat-shoes_categories44/]Christian Louboutin Flat Shoes[/url]. 使走投无路，使陷入困境
　　n.角落
　　at the corner of the street
　　in the corner of the room
　　on the corner of the desk
　　经常使用被动语态
　　The thief was cornered at last
　　The problem cornered me.
　　★trail
　　n. 一串，一系列
　　（vt.)trail：follow
　　The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding
　　★print
　　n. 印痕
　　★cling
　　v. 粘
　　clung
　　She is always clinging to her mother.
　　He clung to the hope that he would succeed.
　　stick 粘住； stick to 坚持； sticky 粘的
　　★convince
　　v. 使……信服
　　convince sb.of sth.
　　和宾语从句that搭配使用
　　没有宾语的情况下要采用主系表结构：be convinced
　　★somehow
　　adv. 不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因
　　by some means,in some way ,for some reason unknown
　　somewhat : a little
　　★disturb
　　v. 令人不安
　　disturbing: 令人不安的
　　disturbed: 感到不安的
　　exciting：令人激动的
　　excited：感到激动的
　　【课文讲解】
　　at large:逃遁的，没有被控制的
　　详细地（in detail)
　　总体来讲（as a whole)
　　在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果
　　写议论文的时候要注意把握观点
　　Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia.
　　life-like: 栩栩如生的
　　一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修缮名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前
　　定语从句只是对于被修缮词的补充说明、修缮；
　　同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
　　定语从句的引导词：
　　指人：主语who; 宾语who/whom; 定语 whose
　　表达事物：that（也可以指人）/which
　　时间状语：when; 地点状语：where; 原因状语：why
　　同位语从句：名词做主语、宾语等，关系词用that而不是which
　　时间－when；地点－where
　　An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.
　　I have no idea what has happened to him。
　　定语从句中没有what这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句
　　take sth.seriously :deal with sth.seriously
　　take sth.lightly
　　as: 随着
　　过去分词做定语
　　声称曾经做过某事：claim to have done sth.
　　I still remember the school where I studied English.
　　confirm: be sure,be certain
　　search=hunt
　　把某物留在后面：leave behind
　　英文的表达方式重点在于突出客观事实，而中文则善于运用动作的执行者
　　complain of /about 抱怨
　　on + 名词：强调动作正在进行
　　on the rise :在上升
　　on the increase: 在增加
　　on the watch: 在观看
　　on the match: 在比赛中
　　on the fishing trip: 在钓鱼的途中
　　on holiday: 在度假
　　fully: completely,entirely
　　in the possession of sb.=in sb.'s possession 归某人所有
　　in possession of sth. 拥有某物
　　take possession of 拥有
　　The beautiful car is in my possession/in the possession of me
　　I am in possession of the beautiful car
　　The person in possession of the big house is excited.
　　It is disturbing to think that...
　　熟读并背诵第一自然段
　　at large
　　take something seriously
　　cling to
　　leave behind
　　complain of
　　in the possession of/in possession of
　　feel obliged to investigate
　　a woman picking blackberries
　　a businessman on fishing trip
　　go on for several weeks
　　in the quiet countryside
　　【Special Difficulties】
　　Exerises A
　　1. at/for
　　2. to
　　3. to
　　4. in
　　5. on
　　Exercises B
　　1. He is the man we have heard about so much.
　　2. The shelf you put those books on has collapsed
　　3.Whom did you receive a letter from?
　　Whom 不能省略
　　定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whom,在非正式用法当中可以省略
　　省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词Whom,Which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面
　　look at :注视
　　look for: 寻找，介词不能前置
　　live in : 居住，介词可以前置
　　This is the old house in which he lived.
　　This is the old house he lived in.
　　4.This is the road we came by?
　　5.Where is the pencil you were playing with?
　　【Supplementary Written Exercises】
　　要求陈述原因
　　1.Experts from the zoo felt obliged...
　　正确答案：D
　　in common-simliar
　　2.（A)只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意
　　（B) large cat
　　3. (C) 答案正确
　　做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意
　　文章最后一句话总结了大意
　　句型结构题和词汇题是关键
　　4. C选项正确 think
　　make－make somebody do,be made to do
　　在主动语态中不定式to的符号应该省略
　　被动语态中不定式to的符号必须补充完整
　　5.把say改成claim－People claimed to have seen the puma.
　　D正确－清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系
　　6.与原句中的when意思要一致 when引导的时间状语从句表示－...就
　　结构形式和as soon as相一致的——B答案正确
　　主动－On observing her,it immediately ran away.
　　7.unless--if...not/except on the condition that
　　when=if
　　except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配，也可是when/if引导的从句形式
　　D正确
　　8.must be只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致
　　D正确
　　情态动词表达推测的语意概念时，对于过去事实推测一定要用情态动词have以及过去分词形式进行搭配
　　9.on more than-only within=not more than
　　10.in a corner 表示处于困境、尴尬的境地
　　B正确 in a trap 表示落于陷阱中
　　at an angle 表示弯曲的、不直的
　　11.B正确 fishes for pleasure
　　12.A正确 on his own=alone