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US retailers fret as wharfie strike looms,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
In just a few days, a walkout by thousands of dock workers could bring commerce to a near standstill at every major US port from Boston to Houston, potentially delivering a big blow to retailers and manufacturers still struggling to find their footing in a weak economy.
More than 14,000 wharf labourers are threatening to go on strike on Sunday - a wide-ranging work stoppage that would immediately close cargo ports on the country's east coast and the Gulf of Mexico to container ships.
The 15 ports involved in the labour dispute move more than 90 million tonnes of goods each year, or about 40 per cent of the country's containerised cargo traffic.
Losing them to a shutdown, even for a few days, could cost the economy billions of dollars.
"If the port shuts down, nothing moves in or out,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," said Jonathan Gold, vice-president of supply chain and customs policy at the National Retail Federation.
And when the workers do return, "it's going to take time to clear out that backlog,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and we don't know how long that it's going to take."
Shipments of such varied products as flat-screen TVs, sneakers and snow shovels would either sit idle at sea or get rerouted,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], at great time and expense.
US factories also rely on container ships for parts and raw materials, meaning supply lines for all sorts of products could be squeezed.
Joseph Ahlstrom, a professor at the State University of New York's Maritime College and a former cargo ship captain, called container ships the "lifeblood of the country".
"We don't fly in a lot of products. It's just too expensive,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," Ahlstrom said.
"The bulk of the products we import come in inside containers."
The master contract between the International Longshoremen's Association and the US Maritime Alliance, a group representing shipping lines,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], terminal operators and port associations,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], expired in September.
The two sides agreed to extend it once already,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], for 90 days, but they have so far baulked at extending it again when it expires in the first minutes of Sunday.
The union said its members would agree to an extension only if the Maritime Alliance dropped a proposal to freeze the royalties workers get for every container they unload.
The Alliance has argued that the longshoremen,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], who it said earn an average $US124,138 ($A120,180) per year in wages and benefits, are compensated well enough already.
Federal mediators have been trying to push negotiations along, but there has been no word from either side on the progress of the talks since December 24.
As recently as December 19, the president of the longshoremen, Harold Daggett, said the talks weren't going well and that a strike was expected.
The work stoppage would not be absolute.
Longshoremen would continue to handle military cargo, mail, passenger ships, non-containerised items like cars, and perishable commodities, like fresh food.
Yet the economic damage could still be severe,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
"The global economy moves by water, and shutting down container ports along the East and Gulf coasts while the national economy remains fragile benefits no one," said Deborah Hadden,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], acting port director at Massport,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the public agency that oversees shipping terminals in Boston.
It is not a part of the contract dispute.
Florida Governor Rick Scott said "the livelihood of thousands of Florida families lies in the balance",[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
The White House weighed in, too, urging dockworkers and shipping companies on Thursday to reach agreement "as quickly as possible" on a contract extension.
If it happens,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the walkout could be the biggest US port disruption since 2002, when unionised dockworkers were locked out of 29 West Coast ports for 10 days because of a contract dispute.
The ports only reopened after President George W Bush, invoking powers given to him by the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], ordered an 80-day cooling-off period.
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